Farhan Abdul Ghaffar, et al., "Design and comparison of LTCC based fractal antennas." In Proc. URSI Gen. Assem. Sci. Symp., 2011, 1.
The paper presents design of three different fractal antennas in Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic (LTCC) substrate. An aperture coupled feeding technique has been used in all the three designs which is highly suitable for multi-layer system on package (SoP) concept. The three fractal designs demonstrated are Sierpinski carpet fractal antenna, Sierpinski gasket fractal antenna and Koch snowflake fractal antenna. Bandwidths of 1.8 GHz (7.5%), 1.75 GHz (7.5%) and 1.6 GHz (6.7%) have been achieved from these designs at a centre frequency of 24 GHz in comparison to the typical aperture coupled patch antenna bandwidth of 2%. In addition to their large bandwidths the designs have demonstrated a size reduction of greater than 20%. A detailed comparison among the three designs has been presented in the paper to highlight various performance parameters and related tradeoffs.